New COVID-19 Variants Emerge in India: INSACOG Monitors NB.1.8.1 and LF.7

India has identified new subvariants of COVID-19, NB.1.8.1 and LF.7, amid a recent uptick in cases, according to data from the Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genomics Consortium (INSACOG). A single case of NB.1.8.1 was detected in Tamil Nadu in April, while four cases of LF.7 were found in Gujarat in May. These subvariants, descendants of the JN.1 lineage a derivative of the Omicron BA.2.86 strain are under scrutiny as they contribute to rising infections across Asia.

INSACOG data indicates that JN.1 remains the dominant variant in India, accounting for 53% of sequenced samples, followed by BA.2 at 26% and other Omicron sublineages at 20%. The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified NB.1.8.1 as a “Variant Under Monitoring” due to its genetic changes, including spike protein mutations (A435S, V445H, and T478I), which may enhance transmissibility and immune evasion. However, WHO’s initial assessment suggests NB.1.8.1 poses a low global public health risk. LF.7 and NB.1.8 are not currently designated as Variants of Concern or Interest by WHO.

The surge in cases, notably in states like Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Maharashtra, has prompted heightened vigilance. India reported 257 active cases as of May 19, with 164 new cases logged between May 12 and 19. Despite the increase, health officials note that most infections are mild, with no significant rise in hospitalizations or severe outcomes. The Ministry of Health has advised high-risk groups, such as the elderly and immunocompromised, to get booster vaccinations to curb potential spread.

To mitigate transmission, health authorities recommend standard precautions: vaccination, mask-wearing in crowded indoor settings, hand hygiene, physical distancing, and avoiding large gatherings. INSACOG continues to monitor these variants closely, urging states to maintain robust testing and sequencing efforts to track their spread and impact.